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United States–Korea Treaty of 1882
A Treaty of Peace, Amity, Commerce and Navigation (Korean: 조·미수호통상조약, Hanja: 朝美修好通商條約) was negotiated between representatives of the United States and Joseon Korea in 1882.〔Korean Mission to the Conference on the Limitation of Armament, Washington, D.C., 1921-1922. (1922). ; excerpt, "It is certain that in 1882 the United States recognized the independence and territorial integrity of Korea by entering into ''a treaty of amity and commerce'' with her as a separate national entity. The treaty was in due form. It was ratified by the Senate and in regular course it was formally "proclaimed" by President Arthur. Japan was the first nation to officially "congratulate" both Korea and the United States upon its consummation. This fact is noted in the report of Hon. John A. Bingham to Secretary Frelinghuysen, April 14, 1883. ''As though to emphasize the international effect of this treaty in recognizing this national entity, China protested the sending of Korean ministers to the United States, claiming suzerainty over Korea. The protest was patiently and fully considered on its merits and was overruled.'' Later China, conceding the position of the United States, also recognized, by specific treaty the independence and separate entity of Korea. Great Britain, France, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Russia, Belgium, Denmark, and Italy, following the course of the United States, ''also made treaties of amity and commerce'' with Korea as a separate nation." (+ bold'' added for emphasis )〕
The final draft was accepted at Chemulpo (current day Incheon) near the Korean capital of Hanseong (Seoul) in April and May 1884.〔Yŏng-ho Ch'oe ''et al.'' (2000). ; excerpt, "Korea signed a similar accord with the United States (the ''Treaty of Chelump'o'', 1882) that was followed by similar agreements with other Western nations."〕
==Background==
In 1876, Korea established a trade treaty with Japan after Japanese ships approached Ganghwado and threatened to fire on the Korean capital city. Treaty negotiations with the Americans and with several European countries were made possible by the completion of this initial Japanese overture.〔Kim, Chun-gil. (2005). 〕
Negotiations with China were a significant feature of the process which resulted in this treaty.〔Kang, Woong Joe. (2005) ; Kang, Jae-un (2006). ; Pletcher, David M. (2001). 〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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